Table 11.1 (continued)

Type of

NPs

Bacterial

strains/cells

Proposed mode of

action

Effect caused

Refs.

Cell lysis and

apoptosis

Fe2O3 and

TiO2

E. coli and

S. aureus

Inactivation of

bacteria due to

compression

Decomposition of

bacterial cell

Aggregation of

bacterial cells

Zhukova (2015)

Graphene

nanosheets

E. coli

Inactivation of

bacteria due to the

destructive

extraction of

molecular

components of the

cells (viz.,

phospholipids)

Degradation of

cellular membrane

Nano-

TiO2

(anatase)-

based thin

films

E. coli

Inactivation of

bacterial cells

Enlargement in

cellular structure

Disruption of

cellular membrane

Leakage of

cytoplasmic

content

Alteration in the

chemical

composition of

cellular organelles

Lipid peroxidation

and decomposition

of membrane fatty

acids

Cell death

Joost et al. (2015)

Al2O3

E. coli

NPs interact with

cellular membrane

LPS via hydrogen

bonding and ligand

exchange

Pits of irregular

shape are formed

Alteration in the

level of cellular

phospholipids

contents

Cellular membrane

perforation

Disruption of

cellular membrane

Leakage of

cytoplasmic

content

Ansari et al.

(2014)

Diffusion

Graphene/

iron oxide

MSRA

Diffusion of NPs

inside the bacterial

cell membrane

resulted in the

Inactivation of

bacterium due to

localized heat and

Pan et al. (2016)

(continued)

11

Nanoparticles: A Potential Breakthrough in Counteracting. . .

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